Emerging intelligent efficiency technologies like digital energy monitoring and control equipment will play a catalytic role in the transition to integrated local and regional energy management concepts that aim to connect different energy distribution networks, water and transport processes in a way that they can convey and use primarily energy made available by solar and wind power installations.
Solar photovoltaic energy has become in most parts of the world the most abundant and economically viable form of climate neutral energy. Even major utilities worldwide acknowledge now that solar photovoltaics and battery energy storage systems (BESS) are beginning to revolutionize the electricity system in many countries.
Cooling and refrigeration systems are predominantly powered by electric energy with the scope to extract heat from buildings and cold storage cells. Integrating fluctuating renewable energy generation with appropriate monitoring and control equipment and phase change materials, cooled facilities and warehouses can be used as electric energy storage facilities.
The affordable transformation of variable renewables into hydrogen, synthetic natural gas and synthetic aviation fuel has now reached technological maturity or high technological readiness levels. The renewable power-to-hydrogen step can be accomplished with various proven and reliable processes.